Random Access to the Time Domain in the AMPLE Language
نویسنده
چکیده
AMPLE is a powerful and versatile music programming language and environment for use on microcomputers. The language ‘nucleus’ includes a wide range of computation and sound control functions for advanced musical applications, linked to an innovative textual music notation for more traditional musical forms. Higher-level components of the environment cater for specific user requirements such as instrument design, real-time performance control and staff notation, and low-level software interfaces provide unified access to a variety of musical input and output devices, both via MIDI and direct host-specific connections. Currently, the most popular use of AMPLE is in the Hybrid Music System for the BBC Microcomputer, including the Music 5000 Synthesiser. AMPLE is a procedural language with a ‘word‘ structure like that of LEGO the user program is a hierarchy of words, each defined in terms of pre-existing user words and pre-defined system words. Words can be created and edited individually, interactively, and in a variety of forms, always including the traditional textual; program form. The user program runs in real time under the control of a time manager that merges and sorts events from all concurrent processes before playing. This allows random access to the time domain (over a range limited by system load and memory capacity), so that as well as the usual positive time intervals between events, negative time intervals can be accomodated. Thus, programs and scores are free to generate event sequences in non-time orders that better suit the algorithms of the program or score. The major reward is simpler programming of a variety of overlapping musical structures, both large and small scale, both via low-level sound control words and, in particular, AMPLE‘s textual music notation. Simple applications of the random time access facility are described, along with related features of the AMPLE textual music notation. NOTATION ELEMENTS AMPLE music notation has words (symbols) for four basic types of musical event:
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